Prevent Frozen Pipes

Overview

Frozen pipes are one of the most expensive and disruptive winter emergencies. A burst pipe can cause thousands of dollars in water damage. Fortunately, preventing frozen pipes is straightforward with proper insulation and preparation.

Why Pipes Freeze

Water expands when it freezes, creating pressure that can crack or burst pipes. Pipes are most vulnerable when:

• Located in unheated spaces (attics, crawl spaces, garages)
• Exposed to cold air (exterior walls, uninsulated areas)
• Temperatures drop below 20°F for extended periods
• Water isn't flowing (stagnant water freezes faster)

Step 1: Identify Vulnerable Pipes

Inspect your home to find pipes at risk:

• Pipes in unheated attics or crawl spaces
• Pipes running along exterior walls
• Pipes in garages or sheds
• Outdoor spigots and hose bibs
• Pipes in basements near exterior walls

Step 2: Insulate Exposed Pipes

For pipes in unheated areas:

1. Measure pipe diameter and length
2. Cut insulation to fit (foam or fiberglass sleeves)
3. Wrap pipes completely, ensuring no gaps
4. Secure with cable ties or duct tape
5. Pay special attention to joints and elbows

Step 3: Install Heat Tape (If Needed)

For extremely cold climates or hard-to-insulate areas:

1. Choose self-regulating heat tape
2. Wrap pipes following manufacturer instructions
3. Plug into GFCI outlet
4. Test before cold weather arrives
5. Check annually for damage

Step 4: Seal Air Leaks

Prevent cold air from reaching pipes:

• Seal gaps around pipes where they enter walls
• Insulate exterior wall cavities containing pipes
• Close crawl space vents in winter (if appropriate)
• Weatherstrip doors to unheated spaces

Step 5: Prepare for Cold Snaps

When temperatures drop below freezing:

• Let faucets connected to exposed pipes drip slightly
• Open cabinet doors to allow warm air to reach pipes under sinks
• Keep thermostat set to at least 55°F if away from home
• Drain and disconnect outdoor hoses

Emergency Response

If a pipe freezes:

1. Turn off main water supply immediately
2. Open the affected faucet
3. Apply gentle heat (hair dryer, heat lamp) to the frozen section
4. Never use an open flame
5. If pipe has burst, turn off water and call a plumber immediately

Maintenance Schedule

• Fall: Inspect and repair insulation, test heat tape
• Winter: Check vulnerable pipes weekly during cold snaps
• Spring: Remove temporary insulation if needed, inspect for damage

When to Call a Professional

Call a plumber if:

• You can't locate the frozen section
• The pipe has burst or is leaking
• You're uncomfortable working with plumbing
• Multiple pipes are affected